(Anti-Cancers / Anti-Tumours)LIQUID COMPOSITIONS

· Taxus brevifolia bark is a source of Paclitaxel, a potent chemotherapy drug widely used in the treatment of various cancers. Paclitaxel works by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, disrupting their division process, and impending the formation of microtubules.

·         Catharanthus roseus due to its pharmacologically active compounds, Vincristine and Vinblastine. These alkaloids exhibit potent anti-cancer properties by disrupting microtubule formation during cell division, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. Beyond its direct cytotoxic effects, the plants diverse alkaloids also contribute to anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic activities.

·         Camptotheca acuminata (CPT(3), (20-(s))- camptothecin), exhibited significant activity against Leukemias and various solid cancers by spe-cifically inhibiting DNA - replicating enzyme topo I, ultimately resulting in cell death.

·         Mappia foetida is an important anti-cancer medicinal plant which posse-sses various bioactive substances, of which Comptothecin (CPT) is the most important. CPT is mainly obtained by extraction from plants.

·         Podophyllum hexandrum (Rhizome) contains several lignans which posses anti-tumor activity. Podophyllotoxin is the most active cytotoxic natural product. It is used as starting com-pound for the synthesis of anti-cancer drug Etoposide and Teniposide. Podophyllotoxin acts as an inhibition of microtubules assembly. These drugs are used for lung cancer, testicular cancer, neuroblastoma, hepatoma and other tumors.

·         Curcuma longa (curcuminoids the active ingredient) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, providing support for the potential role of curcumin in modulating cancer deve-lopment and progression.

·         Ocimum sanctum contains phyto-chemicals which prevent chemical induced skin, liver, oral and lung cancers and mediate these effects by increasing anti-oxidant activity, altering gene expression, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis. They are also shown to prevent radio-induced DNA damage.

·         Barleria prionitis contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, which exhibits anti-cancer effects by interfering with cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Its anti-oxidant properties may also contribute to mitigating oxidative stress implicated in cancer development.

·         Tinospora cordifolia could limit sys-temic damage via regulating neutrophil infiltration and hyper-activation which can further lead to cancer control at both prophylactic and therapeutic level.

·         Simarouba glauca while anti-cancer properties are well documanted in ancient literature, the underlying mech-anisms leading to cancer cell death begin to emerge very recently. The leaves of S. glauca have been used as potential source of anti-cancer agents in traditional medicine.

·         Commiphora wightii contains guggul-sterone (GS) has been shown to possess cancer chemo-preventive and thera-peutic potential as established in vitro and in vivo studies.

·         Withania somnifera has been dem-onstrated to have anti-tumorigenic properties in experimental models.

·         Phyllanthus emblica is also reported to possess radio-modulatory, chemo-modulatory, chemo-preventive effects, free radical scavenging, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and immunomodulatory activities, proper-ties that are efficacious in the treatment and prevention of cancer.

·         Terminalia bellirica extract induces anti-cancer activity through modulation of apoptosis and autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

·         Phyllanthus niruri demonstrated anti-cancer properties against lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, its anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells by modulating various cell signaling pathways and its advantage of being safe on normal cells.

·         Fagonia indica induce cell dealth in wild-type and chemotherapy resistant breast and colon cancer cell lines.

·         Bauhinia variegata exerted anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer, immuno-modulating, molluscicidal and wound healing effects.

·         Semicarpus anacardium (contains anacardic acids) nut has shown antitumor activity against various experimental cancer cells, e.g., B16 melanoma and Leukemia L-1210 cells.

·         Terminalia chebula contains tannins, chebulinic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, punicalagin, flavonoids to possess anti-oxidant, anti cancer and anti-mutagenic properties.

·         Andrographis paniculata (contains andrographolide) has anti-cancer properties. Andrographolide also enhanced the TNF- α production and CD marker expression, resulting in increased cytotoxic activity of lympho-cytes against cancer cells.

·         Azadiracta indica a tree with more than 140 isolated compounds and at least 35 biologically active principles that have shown an important influence, as tumour suppressors by interfering with the carcinogenesis process.

·         Olea europaea have shown a rema-rkable anti-tumour, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect in several cancer cell lines.

·         Boswellia serrata have active comp-onent boswellic acids, display anti-cancer properties through a capacity to reduce tumour growth and metastasis.

·         Hymenocallis littoralis contains pan-cratistatin, a natural compound can selectively induce apoptosis in several cancer cell lines.

SYRUP COMPOSITIONS

·         Crocus sativus has selective toxicity against cancer cells, through inhibition of RNA & DNA synthesis & increasing apoptosis. Crocin has been considered as the most important anti-cancer agent that plays a role in gene expression & apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, C. sativus has been shown to help reduce the harmful effects produced by chemo-therapy drugs.

·         Allium sativum appears to reduce the ability of cancer cells to promote the growth of new blood vessels.  Increased  cell death : Normal cells die at a certain point, and cancer cells are often to avoid this natural cycle of cell death. A. sativum and its components appear to increase the rate of cancer cell death.

·         Annona muricata have been shown to induce cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and necrosis and conversely to inhibit cancer cell motility, migration, metastasis and proliferation.

·         Rubus occidentalis through regulation of epigenetics, can enhance the expression of tumor suppressor genes, inducing cell cycle arrest, and promoting apoptosis and pyroptosis. R. occidentalis can reduce the energy and nutrients supply to the cancer nest by inhibiting glycolysis and reducing angiogenesis.

·         Cinnamomum zeylanicum aqueous extract contains cinnamaldehydes and poly-phenols as the major bioactive compounds was cytotoxic to cancer cells. It down regulated human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (EGFR-2) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) expression, affecting the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer.

·         Ganoderma lingzhi laboratory research and a handful of preclinical trials have suggested that, it carries promising anti-cancer and immuno-modulatory properties.

·         Zingiber officinale may act as an anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent by inactivating NF-kB through the suppre-ssion of the pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha.

·         Piper longum contains piperlongumine (PL), which has shown activity against many cancers including prostate, breast, lung, colon, lymphoma, leukemia, primary brain tumor and gastric cancer.

·         Ziziphus mauritiana act against cell division and cause the death of cancer cells. Apart from the anti-cancer activity, it also possess anti-oxidant action, which might help in managing cancer. Thus, Z. mauritiana fruit has potential for cancer treatment.

·         Vaccinium corymbosum extract make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation, it also reduces the abnormal cell growth that fuels cancer development.

·         Bacopa monnieri has the ability to reduce acute pain and inflammation by inhibiting the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase-2 (cox-2) and reducing cox-2-arbitrated prostanoid mediators. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory property may also be associated with the Neuroprotective activity of B. monnieri.

·         Leea indica leaf extracts increased the susceptibility of human ovarian tumor cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

·         Vaccinium myrtillus a commercial anthrocyanin-rich extract was shown to inhibit growth of colon cancer cells but did not affect growth of normal colon cells suggesting a possible specific action against cancer cells.

·         Swertia chiranta contains xanthones which exerted significant therapeutic potential by inducing ROS mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro at a low dosage being non-toxic to normal cells.

·         Berberis aristata through regulation of epigenetics can enhance the expression of tumor suppressor genes, including cell cycle arrest, and promoting apoptosis and pyroptosis. B. aristata can reduce the energy and nutrients supply to the cancer nest by inhibiting glycolysis and reducing angiogenesis.

·         Vaccinium vitis-idaea extract contains various active ingredients with strong inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth.

·         Silybum marianum can be used to dec-rease side effects of cancer treatment.

·         Solanum nigrum studies suggest that extracts may exhibit anti-caner effects by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis.

·         Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts and bioactive components are reported for their anti-cancer activity by inducing apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition, suppressing micronucleus formation, inhibiting angiogenesis, etc. in various human cancer cell lines.

·         Boerhavia diffusa exhibit anti-carcinogenic effect against human breast cancer cells.

·         Asparagus racemosus (containing shatavarin IV) rich fraction (AR-2B) exhibits significant anti-cancer activity in both in vitro  and in vivo experimental models.

·         Asphaltum punjabianum helps in controlling the growth or multiplication of cancerous cells in the liver, studies revealed that it has anti-cancer properties and helps in the destruction of cancer cells of the liver and other kinds.

·         Syzygium aromaticum inhibits tumor growth and promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

·         Artemisia annua promote apoptosis rather than necrosis in most of the systems, however in some cases both apoptosis and necrosis have been reported. Induction of apoptosis is a major benefit of artemisinins (found in A. annua) antitumor action as it prevents the collateral effects of inflammation and cell damage caused by necrosis.